Hybridization of terahertz phonons and magnons in disparate and spatially-separated material specimens

TL;DR

This study demonstrates the hybridization of phonons and magnons in the terahertz range using spatially separated material specimens within an optical cavity, revealing tunable composite states with potential for THz device engineering.

Contribution

It introduces a novel experimental and theoretical framework for photon-mediated hybridization of electric and magnetic quasiparticles in separated specimens at THz frequencies.

Findings

Hybrid phonon-magnon polariton modes observed.

Hybridization persists at separations up to several millimeters.

Quantum and classical models agree on the hybridization behavior.

Abstract

The interaction between light and matter in condensed matter excitations and electromagnetic resonators serves as a rich playground for fundamental research and lies at the core of photonic and quantum technologies. Herein, we present comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies of the photon-mediated hybridization of magnons and phonons in the terahertz (THz) range. We demonstrate the intriguing concept of composite states formed by distinct electric and magnetic quasiparticles strongly coupled to the same optical cavity modes. Specifically, we explore magnons excited in a slab of an antiferromagnetic crystal and phonons excited in a distinct specimen of an insulating material. The crystal slabs form an optical cavity with Fabry-P\'erot oscillations in the THz range. We demonstrate hybridized phonon-magnon polariton modes and their tunability by adjusting the distance between the slabs, showing that hybridization persists even at separations up to several millimeters. The experimental results are interpreted using both classical and quantum electrodynamical models. The quantum description allows us to quantify the degree of hybridization that is linked to a topological behavior of the electric field phasor, in agreement with the classical electrodynamics expectations. Importantly, the presented results refer to temperature conditions and cavities of millimeter size, paving the way for engineering realistic, frequency-tunable THz devices through the hybridization of electric (phononics) and magnetic (spintronics) elementary excitations of matter.