Length-preserving biconnection gravity and its cosmological implications

TL;DR

This paper introduces a length-preserving biconnection gravity theory inspired by information geometry, which extends general relativity by using mutual curvature and explores its cosmological implications, including dark energy and universe age predictions.

Contribution

It develops a novel biconnection gravitational framework based on mutual curvature, deriving modified Einstein equations and cosmological models that fit observational data well.

Findings

Models fit observational Hubble data effectively.

Predicts an effective geometric dark energy component.

Suggests potential explanations for late-time acceleration and black hole formation.

Abstract

We consider a length-preserving biconnection gravitational theory, inspired by information geometry, which extends general relativity by using the mutual curvature as the fundamental object describing gravity. The two connections used to build up the theory are the Schr\"{o}dinger connection, and its dual. It can be seen that the dual of a non-metric Schr\"odinger connection possesses torsion, even if the Schr\"odinger connection itself does not, and consequently the pair $(M,g,\nabla^{*})$ is a quasi-statistical manifold. The field equations are postulated to have the form of the standard Einstein equations, but with the Ricci tensor- and scalar replaced with the mutual curvature tensor- and scalar, resulting in additional torsion-dependent terms. The covariant divergence of the matter energy-momentum does not vanish in this theory. We derive the equation of motion for massive particles, which shows the presence of an extra force. The Newtonian limit of the equations of motion is also considered. We explore the cosmological implications by deriving the generalized Friedmann equations for the FLRW geometry. They contain additional terms that can be interpreted as describing an effective, geometric type dark energy. We examine two cosmological models: one with conserved matter, and one where dark energy and pressure are related by a linear equation of state. The predictions of both models are compared with a set of observational values of the Hubble function, and with the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. Length-preserving biconnection gravity models fit well the observational data, and also align with $\Lambda$CDM at low redshifts $(z<3)$. The obtained results suggest that a modified biconnection geometry could explain the late-time acceleration, as well as the formation of the supermassive black holes, since they predict a different age of our Universe as compared to standard cosmology.