Hedging Beyond the Mean: A Distributional Reinforcement Learning Perspective for Hedging Portfolios with Structured Products

TL;DR

This paper introduces a distributional reinforcement learning approach for hedging complex structured products like Autocallable notes, demonstrating improved risk management and PnL distribution over traditional methods.

Contribution

It presents a novel distributional RL method tailored for hedging complex structured products, addressing limitations of traditional RL in this context.

Findings

Distributional RL yields better PnL distribution than traditional methods.

It achieves lower VaR and CVaR, indicating improved risk management.

The method effectively hedges complex products like Autocallable notes.

Abstract

Research in quantitative finance has demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) methods have delivered promising outcomes in the context of hedging financial portfolios. For example, hedging a portfolio of European options using RL achieves better $PnL$ distribution than the trading hedging strategies like Delta neutral and Delta-Gamma neutral [Cao et. al. 2020]. There is great attention given to the hedging of vanilla options, however, very little is mentioned on hedging a portfolio of structured products such as Autocallable notes. Hedging structured products is much more complex and the traditional RL approaches tend to fail in this context due to the underlying complexity of these products. These are more complicated due to presence of several barriers and coupon payments, and having a longer maturity date (from $7$ years to a decade), etc. In this direction, we propose a distributional RL based method to hedge a portfolio containing an Autocallable structured note. We will demonstrate our RL hedging strategy using American and Digital options as hedging instruments. Through several empirical analysis, we will show that distributional RL provides better $PnL$ distribution than traditional approaches and learns a better policy depicting lower value-at-risk ($VaR$) and conditional value-at-risk ($CVaR$), showcasing the potential for enhanced risk management.