Quantifying distribution system resilience from utility data: large event risk and benefits of investments

TL;DR

This paper introduces a data-driven method to quantify electric distribution system resilience to large blackouts caused by extreme winds, using utility outage data to evaluate risk and benefits of resilience investments.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach to measure resilience and the impact of investments through historical outage data analysis, avoiding complex modeling of all resilience phases.

Findings

10% wind hardening reduces large event risk by 12%

10% faster restoration reduces large event risk by 22%

Method is practical and persuasive for stakeholders

Abstract

We focus on large blackouts in electric distribution systems caused by extreme winds. Such events have a large cost and impact on customers. To quantify resilience to these events, we formulate large event risk and show how to calculate it from the historical outage data routinely collected by utilities' outage management systems. Risk is defined using an event cost exceedance curve. The tail of this curve and the large event risk is described by the probability of a large cost event and the slope magnitude of the tail on a log-log plot. Resilience can be improved by planned investments to upgrade system components or speed up restoration. The benefits that these investments would have had if they had been made in the past can be quantified by "rerunning history" with the effects of the investment included, and then recalculating the large event risk to find the improvement in resilience. An example using utility data shows a 12% and 22% reduction in the probability of a large cost event due to 10% wind hardening and 10% faster restoration respectively. This new data-driven approach to quantify resilience and resilience investments is realistic and much easier to apply than complicated approaches based on modeling all the phases of resilience. Moreover, an appeal to improvements to past lived experience may well be persuasive to customers and regulators in making the case for resilience investments.