Structural Dynamics of Contractile Injection Systems

TL;DR

This paper develops a semi-analytical model of contractile injection systems, capturing their geometry and mechanics, to predict their contraction dynamics and scaling laws, supported by numerical simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a minimal physical parameter-based model for CIS, linking structural features to dynamic contraction behavior.

Findings

Model accurately predicts size, shape, and speed of contraction fronts.

Scaling laws derived are consistent with simulations.

Results may apply to other macromolecular machines.

Abstract

The dynamics of many macromolecular machines is characterized by chemically-mediated structural changes that achieve large scale functional deployment through local rearrangements of constitutive protein sub-units. Motivated by recent high resolution structural microscopy of a particular class of such machines, contractile injection systems (CIS), we construct a coarse grained semi-analytical model that recapitulates the geometry and bistable mechanics of CIS in terms of a minimal set of measurable physical parameters. We use this model to predict the size, shape and speed of a dynamical actuation front that underlies contraction. Scaling laws for the velocity and physical extension of the contraction front are consistent with our numerical simulations, and may be generally applicable to related systems.