Fluctuation theorems in general relativistic stochastic thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper extends stochastic thermodynamics to a general relativistic setting, reformulating the first law and proving fluctuation theorems at the trajectory level while ensuring covariance and observer dependence.

Contribution

It introduces a trajectory-level framework for relativistic stochastic thermodynamics, including reformulation of the first law and proof of fluctuation theorems with covariance considerations.

Findings

First law reformulated in relativistic context

Fluctuation theorems proved with covariance

Observer-dependent thermodynamic relations

Abstract

Based on the recently proposed framework of general relativistic stochastic mechanics [{\em J. Stat. Phys.}, 190:193, 2023; {\em J. Stat. Phys.}, 190:181, 2023] and stochastic thermodynamics [{\em SciPost Physics Core} 7, 082, 2024] at the ensemble level, this work focuses on general relativistic stochastic thermodynamics at the trajectory level. The first law of stochastic thermodynamics is reformulated and the fluctuation theorems are proved on this level, with emphasis on maintaining fully general covariance and on the choice of observers.