Phenomenological emergent dark energy in the light of DESI Data Release 1

TL;DR

This study tests the phenomenological emergent dark energy (PEDE) model against recent cosmological data, including DESI DR1, finding some parameter constraints but also noting the model is less favored overall.

Contribution

It provides updated constraints on the PEDE model using new DESI data and compares its viability with standard cosmology.

Findings

Higher Hubble constant values than SH0ES but within 1σ when BAO included

Universe estimated to be ~3% younger than standard cosmology

PEDE model is disfavoured by combined data samples

Abstract

This manuscript revisits the phenomenological emergent dark energy model (PEDE) by confronting it with recent cosmological data from early and late times. In particular we analyze PEDE model by using the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements coming from both Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument (DESI) data release 1 and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Additionally, the measurements from cosmic chronometers, supernovae type Ia (Pantheon+), quasars, hydrogen II galaxies and cosmic background radiation distance priors are considered. By performing a Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain, we find consistent results on the constraints when SDSS and DESI are considered. However, we find higher values on the Hubble constant than Supernova $H_0$ for the Equation of State (SH0ES) does although it is still in agreement, within $1\sigma$ confidence level, when BAO measurements are added. Furthermore, we estimate the age of the Universe younger $\sim3\%$ than the one predicted by the standard cosmology. Additionally, we report values of $q_0 = -0.771^{+0.007}_{-0.007}$, $z_T = 0.764^{+0.011}_{-0.011}$ for the deceleration parameter today and the deceleration-acceleration transition redshift, respectively. However, PEDE cosmology is disfavoured by the combined samples.