Higher-Order Specifications for Deductive Synthesis of Programs with Pointers (Extended Version)

TL;DR

This paper introduces Pika, a high-level language that enhances SSL-based program synthesis by enabling layout-agnostic specifications, simplifying the process, and allowing automatic, correct-by-construction C program generation.

Contribution

It proposes a novel high-level specification language called Pika and a layout-agnostic synthesizer that improves expressiveness and usability in deductive program synthesis with Separation Logic.

Findings

Successfully synthesized C programs from high-level specifications.

Generated code is comparable or faster than Haskell implementations.

Enhanced specification reuse and abstraction in program synthesis.

Abstract

Synthetic Separation Logic (SSL) is a formalism that powers SuSLik, the state-of-the-art approach for the deductive synthesis of provably-correct programs in C-like languages that manipulate Heap-based linked data structures. Despite its expressivity, SSL suffers from two shortcomings that hinder its utility. First, its main specification component, inductive predicates, only admits first-order definitions of data structure shapes, which leads to the proliferation of ''boiler-plate'' predicates for specifying common patterns. Second, SSL requires concrete definitions of data structures to synthesise programs that manipulate them, which results in the need to change a specification for a synthesis task every time changes are introduced into the layout of the involved structures. We propose to significantly lift the level of abstraction used in writing Separation Logic specifications for synthesis -- both simplifying the approach and making the specifications more usable and easy to read and follow. We avoid the need to repetitively re-state low-level representation details throughout the specifications -- allowing the reuse of different implementations of the same data structure by abstracting away the details of a specific layout used in memory. Our novel high-level front-end language called Pika significantly improves the expressiveness of SuSLik. We implemented a layout-agnostic synthesiser from Pika to SuSLik enabling push-button synthesis of C programs with in-place memory updates, along with the accompanying full proofs that they meet Separation Logic-style specifications, from high-level specifications that resemble ordinary functional programs. Our experiments show that our tool can produce C code that is comparable in its performance characteristics and is sometimes faster than Haskell.