PriRoAgg: Achieving Robust Model Aggregation with Minimum Privacy Leakage for Federated Learning

TL;DR

This paper introduces PriRoAgg, a framework that enhances federated learning by providing robust model aggregation with minimal privacy leakage, using advanced cryptographic techniques to defend against malicious attacks.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel security notion of aggregated privacy and develops PriRoAgg, a framework that enables secure, robust aggregation in federated learning with theoretical guarantees.

Findings

PriRoAgg effectively defends against model integrity attacks.

The protocols demonstrate efficiency improvements over existing methods.

Theoretical analysis confirms security and robustness of the proposed protocols.

Abstract

Federated learning (FL) has recently gained significant momentum due to its potential to leverage large-scale distributed user data while preserving user privacy. However, the typical paradigm of FL faces challenges of both privacy and robustness: the transmitted model updates can potentially leak sensitive user information, and the lack of central control of the local training process leaves the global model susceptible to malicious manipulations on model updates. Current solutions attempting to address both problems under the one-server FL setting fall short in the following aspects: 1) designed for simple validity checks that are insufficient against advanced attacks (e.g., checking norm of individual update); and 2) partial privacy leakage for more complicated robust aggregation algorithms (e.g., distances between model updates are leaked for multi-Krum). In this work, we formalize a novel security notion of aggregated privacy that characterizes the minimum amount of user information, in the form of some aggregated statistics of users' updates, that is necessary to be revealed to accomplish more advanced robust aggregation. We develop a general framework PriRoAgg, utilizing Lagrange coded computing and distributed zero-knowledge proof, to execute a wide range of robust aggregation algorithms while satisfying aggregated privacy. As concrete instantiations of PriRoAgg, we construct two secure and robust protocols based on state-of-the-art robust algorithms, for which we provide full theoretical analyses on security and complexity. Extensive experiments are conducted for these protocols, demonstrating their robustness against various model integrity attacks, and their efficiency advantages over baselines.