Optimal Protocols for 2-Party Contention Resolution

TL;DR

This paper investigates the problem of contention resolution between two devices with limited feedback, designing provably optimal algorithms for different cost metrics, advancing understanding of minimal feedback protocols.

Contribution

It introduces the first precise optimal algorithms for 2-device contention resolution under acknowledgement-based feedback, optimizing multiple cost metrics.

Findings

Optimal algorithms for 2-device contention resolution are derived.

Algorithms minimize expected waiting times for various criteria.

The work provides exact solutions, not just asymptotic analysis.

Abstract

\emph{Contention Resolution} is a fundamental symmetry-breaking problem in which $n$ devices must acquire temporary and exclusive access to some \emph{shared resource}, without the assistance of a mediating authority. For example, the $n$ devices may be sensors that each need to transmit a single packet of data over a broadcast channel. In each time step, devices can (probabilistically) choose to acquire the resource or remain idle; if exactly one device attempts to acquire it, it succeeds, and if two or more devices make an attempt, none succeeds. The complexity of the problem depends heavily on what types of \emph{collision detection} are available. In this paper we consider \emph{acknowledgement-based protocols}, in which devices \underline{only} learn whether their own attempt succeeded or failed; they receive no other feedback from the environment whatsoever, i.e., whether other devices attempted to acquire the resource, succeeded, or failed. Nearly all work on the Contention Resolution problem evaluated the performance of algorithms \emph{asymptotically}, as $n\rightarrow \infty$. In this work we focus on the simplest case of $n=2$ devices, but look for \underline{\emph{precisely}} optimal algorithms. We design provably optimal algorithms under three natural cost metrics: minimizing the expected average of the waiting times ({\sc avg}), the expected waiting time until the first device acquires the resource ({\sc min}), and the expected time until the last device acquires the resource ({\sc max}).