Muzzle-Based Cattle Identification System Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel muzzle-based cattle identification system utilizing AI, achieving high accuracy and reliability, which can enhance livestock insurance and precision farming in Bangladesh.

Contribution

Developed a scientifically validated cattle muzzle recognition system using deep learning, with a large dataset and high performance metrics, addressing a key gap in livestock identification technology.

Findings

Achieved 96.489% accuracy in cattle identification.

System demonstrated a 97.334% F1 score and 87.993% true positive rate.

False positive rate was remarkably low at 0.098%.

Abstract

Absence of tamper-proof cattle identification technology was a significant problem preventing insurance companies from providing livestock insurance. This lack of technology had devastating financial consequences for marginal farmers as they did not have the opportunity to claim compensation for any unexpected events such as the accidental death of cattle in Bangladesh. Using machine learning and deep learning algorithms, we have solved the bottleneck of cattle identification by developing and introducing a muzzle-based cattle identification system. The uniqueness of cattle muzzles has been scientifically established, which resembles human fingerprints. This is the fundamental premise that prompted us to develop a cattle identification system that extracts the uniqueness of cattle muzzles. For this purpose, we collected 32,374 images from 826 cattle. Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) with sharpening filters was applied in the preprocessing steps to remove noise from images. We used the YOLO algorithm for cattle muzzle detection in the image and the FaceNet architecture to learn unified embeddings from muzzle images using squared $L_2$ distances. Our system performs with an accuracy of $96.489\%$, $F_1$ score of $97.334\%$, and a true positive rate (tpr) of $87.993\%$ at a remarkably low false positive rate (fpr) of $0.098\%$. This reliable and efficient system for identifying cattle can significantly advance livestock insurance and precision farming.