Advances in quantum metrology with dielectrically structured single photon sources based on molecules

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new molecule-based single-photon source with enhanced efficiency and stability, enabling improved quantum radiometry and setting a new benchmark for detection efficiency calibration.

Contribution

It presents a novel single-photon source integrating molecules with micro-lenses and pulsed excitation, advancing quantum metrology tools.

Findings

Achieved a relative uncertainty below 1% in detector efficiency calibration.

Demonstrated stable single-photon emission through temperature cycles.

Enhanced photon generation efficiency and device stability.

Abstract

In the realm of fundamental quantum science and technologies, non-classical states of light, such as single-photon Fock states, are widely studied. However, current standards and metrological procedures are not optimized for low light levels. Progress in this crucial scientific domain depends on innovative metrology approaches, utilizing reliable devices based on quantum effects. We present a new generation of molecule-based single photon sources, combining their integration in a polymeric micro-lens with pulsed excitation schemes, thereby realizing suitable resources in quantum radiometry. Our strategy enhances the efficiency of generated single photon pulses and improves stability, providing a portable source at 784.7 nm that maintains consistent performance even through a cooling and heating cycle. The calibration of a single photon avalanche detector is demonstrated using light sources with different photon statistics, and the advantages of the single-molecule device are discussed. A relative uncertainty on the intrinsic detection efficiency well below 1 % is attained, representing a new benchmark in the field.