Shear-Layer Perturbation Responses from Time-Resolved Schlieren Data

TL;DR

This paper introduces a combined physics-based and data-driven approach to extract and analyze shear-layer perturbation responses from time-resolved schlieren videos, revealing detailed acoustic phenomena and receptivity characteristics.

Contribution

It presents a novel method integrating momentum potential theory and Dynamic Mode Decomposition to directly quantify shear-layer acoustic responses from schlieren data.

Findings

Identified acoustic structures and tones hidden in schlieren images.

Quantified growth rates of acoustic phenomena using a learned linear model.

Receptivity analysis shows higher sensitivity to disturbances in the outer boundary layer of the supersonic stream.

Abstract

A novel combination of physics-based and data-driven post-processing techniques is proposed to extract acoustic-related shear-layer perturbation responses directly from spatio-temporally resolved schlieren video. The physics-based component is derived from a momentum potential theory extension that extracts irrotational (acoustic and thermal) information from density gradients embedded in schlieren pixel intensities. For the unheated shear layer, the method spotlights acoustic structures and tones otherwise hidden. The filtered data is then subjected to a data-driven Dynamic Mode Decomposition Reduced Order Model (DMD-ROM), which provides the response to forced perturbations. This method applies a learned linear model to isolate and quantify growth rates of acoustic phenomena suited for efficient parametric studies. A shear-layer comprised of two streams at Mach 2.461 and 0.175, corresponding to a convective Mach number 0.88 and containing shocks, is adopted for illustration. The overall perturbation response is first obtained using an impulse forcing in the wall normal direction of the splitter plate, extending in both subsonic and supersonic streams. Subsequently, impulse and harmonic forcings are independently applied in a local pixel-by-pixel manner for a precise receptivity study. The acoustic response shows a convective wavepacket and an acoustic burst from the splitter plate. The interaction with the primary shock and associated wave dispersion emits a second, slower, acoustic wave. Harmonic forcing indicates higher frequency-dependent sensitivity in the supersonic stream, with the most sensitive location near the outer boundary layer region. Excitation here yields an order of magnitude larger acoustic response compared to disturbances in the subsonic stream. Some receptive forcing inputs do not generate significant acoustic waves, which may guide excitation with low noise impact.