A modified Korteweg-de Vries equation soliton gas under the nonzero background

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the asymptotic behavior of a soliton gas generated from N-soliton solutions of the focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation on a nonzero background, using Riemann-Hilbert problem techniques.

Contribution

It establishes the Riemann-Hilbert problem for the soliton gas and derives its large-time asymptotics across different spatial regions.

Findings

Soliton gas decays to a constant background as x→+∞

Asymptotics as x→−∞ involve a genus-two Riemann surface and Theta functions

Large t asymptotics are characterized in three spatial regions depending on x/t ratio

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a soliton gas of the focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries generated from the $N$-soliton solutions under the nonzero background. The spectral soliton density is chosen on the pure imaginary axis, excluding the branch cut $\Sigma_{c}=\left[-i, i\right]$. In the limit $N\to\infty$, we establish the Riemann-Hilbert problem of the soliton gas. Using the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest-descent method, this soliton gas under the nonzero background will decay to a constant background as $x\to+\infty$, while its asymptotics as $x\to-\infty$ can be expressed with a Riemann-Theta function, attached to a Riemann surface with genus-two. We also analyze the large $t$ asymptotics over the entire spatial domain, which is divided into three distinct asymptotic regions depending on the ratio $\xi=\frac{x}{t}$. Using the similar method, we provide the leading-order asymptotic behaviors for these three regions and exhibit the dynamics of large $t$ asymptotics.