Unified Model for Probing Solar Cell Dynamics via Cyclic Voltammetry and Impedance Spectroscopy

TL;DR

This paper introduces a unified framework combining cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy to analyze and optimize solar cell performance by linking microscopic device behaviors with macroscopic measurements.

Contribution

It develops a comprehensive analytical model that connects CV and IS data to microscopic device parameters, enhancing understanding of solar cell dynamics and limitations.

Findings

Reveals the connection between CV hysteresis and impedance behaviors.

Provides analytical expressions for current-voltage and admittance.

Links material parameters to experimental conditions.

Abstract

Despite the remarkable progress in emerging solar cell technologies such as hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, there are still significant limitations related to the stability of the devices and their non-ideal electrical behavior under certain external stimuli. We present a conceptual framework for characterizing photovoltaic devices by integrating cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (IS). This framework is constructed from a microscopic, multi-mode perspective that explicitly accounts for drift, diffusion, displacement, and memory contributions. We derive comprehensive analytical expressions for current-voltage relationships and complex admittance. Our model reveals the inseparable connection between hysteresis behaviors in current-voltage characteristics observed in CV and the apparent capacitive and inductive behaviors seen in IS spectral analysis. We demonstrate how CV and IS naturally complement each other, providing a deeper microscopic understanding of device performance and limitations. Additionally, we establish the relationship between intrinsic material parameters and experimentally accessible extrinsic parameters such as light intensity, temperature, DC bias, voltage amplitude, and frequency. This framework enables unprecedented optimization of solar cell performance, marking a significant advancement towards sustainability.