Observation of the Galactic Center PeVatron Beyond 100 TeV with HAWC

TL;DR

This study reports the detection of ultra-high energy gamma rays from the Galactic Center with HAWC, showing no spectral cutoff up to 100 TeV, supporting the existence of a proton PeVatron at the Galactic Center.

Contribution

First observation of gamma rays extending beyond 100 TeV from the Galactic Center, confirming a proton PeVatron with no spectral cutoff detected up to 100 TeV.

Findings

Gamma-ray spectrum extends from 6 to 114 TeV without cutoff.

Significant excess remains after subtracting known sources.

Supports hadronic origin of UHE gamma rays at the Galactic Center.

Abstract

We report an observation of ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma rays from the Galactic Center region, using seven years of data collected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The HAWC data are best described as a point-like source (HAWC J1746-2856) with a power-law spectrum ($\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}E=\phi(E/26 \,\text{TeV})^{\gamma}$), where $\gamma=-2.88 \pm 0.15_{\text{stat}} - 0.1_{\text{sys}} $ and $\phi=1.5 \times 10^{-15}$ (TeV cm$^{2}$s)$^{-1}$ $\pm\, 0.3_{\text{stat}}\,^{+0.08_{\text{sys}}}_{-0.13_{\text{sys}}}$ extending from 6 to 114 TeV. We find no evidence of a spectral cutoff up to $100$ TeV using HAWC data. Two known point-like gamma-ray sources are spatially coincident with the HAWC gamma-ray excess: Sgr A$^{*}$ (HESS J1745-290) and the Arc (HESS J1746-285). We subtract the known flux contribution of these point sources from the measured flux of HAWC J1746-2856 to exclude their contamination and show that the excess observed by HAWC remains significant ($>$5$\sigma$) with the spectrum extending to $>$100 TeV. Our result supports that these detected UHE gamma rays can originate via hadronic interaction of PeV cosmic-ray protons with the dense ambient gas and confirms the presence of a proton PeVatron at the Galactic Center.