Random walk with horizontal and cyclic currents

TL;DR

This paper introduces a minimal two-chain random walk model with horizontal and cyclic currents, analyzing how flux fluctuations reveal the system's structure, parameters, and nonequilibrium conditions, with potential applications in various transport systems.

Contribution

It derives the cumulant generating function for the model and demonstrates how flux fluctuations can uncover system parameters and nonequilibrium states.

Findings

Horizontal and cyclic currents reveal system structure.

Fluctuations indicate nonequilibrium conditions.

Simulation allows extraction of interchain hopping rate.

Abstract

We construct a minimal two-chain random walk model and study the information that fluctuations of the flux and higher cumulants can reveal about the model: its structure, parameters, and whether it operates under nonequilibrium conditions. The two coupled chains allow for both horizontal and cyclic transport. We capture these processes by deriving the cumulant generating function of the system, which characterizes both horizontal and cyclic transport in the long time limit. First, we show that either the horizontal or the cyclic currents, along with their higher-order cumulants, can be used to unravel the intrinsic structure and parameters of the model. Second, we investigate the "zero current" situation, in which the {\it horizontal} current vanishes. We find that fluctuations of the horizontal current reveal the nonequilibrium condition at intermediate bias, while the cyclic current remains nonzero throughout. We also show that in nonequilibrium scenarios close to the zero {\it horizontal} current limit, the entropy production rate is more tightly lower-bounded by the relative noise of the {\it cyclic} current, and vice versa. Finally, simulations of transport before the steady state sets in allow for the extraction of the interchain hopping rate. Our study, illustrating the information concealed in fluctuations, could see applications in chemical networks, cellular processes, and charge and energy transport materials.