Electromagnetic Property Sensing Based on Diffusion Model in ISAC System

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel ISAC scheme utilizing diffusion models to accurately sense and visualize the electromagnetic properties of targets in 3D, enhancing wireless system capabilities.

Contribution

It develops a new method combining diffusion models with channel estimation for electromagnetic property sensing in ISAC systems, enabling detailed 3D visualization.

Findings

High-quality reconstruction of target shape and EM properties

Effective sensing in any position within the sensing area

Achieves low mean Chamfer distance in simulations

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) has opened up numerous game-changing opportunities for future wireless systems. In this paper, we develop a novel ISAC scheme that utilizes the diffusion model to sense the electromagnetic (EM) property of the target in a predetermined sensing area. Specifically, we first estimate the sensing channel by using both the communications and the sensing signals echoed back from the target. Then we employ the diffusion model to generate the point cloud that represents the target and thus enables 3D visualization of the target's EM property distribution. In order to minimize the mean Chamfer distance (MCD) between the ground truth and the estimated point clouds, we further design the communications and sensing beamforming matrices under the constraint of a maximum transmit power and a minimum communications achievable rate for each user equipment (UE). Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in achieving high-quality reconstruction of the target's shape, relative permittivity, and conductivity. Besides, the proposed method can sense the EM property of the target effectively in any position of the sensing area.