Unveiling Supersolid Order via Vortex Trajectory Correlations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel method using vortex-vortex trajectory correlations to experimentally identify and analyze the supersolid phase in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing both solid and superfluid properties.

Contribution

It introduces a supersolid order parameter based on vortex trajectories, enabling simultaneous detection of density order and superfluidity in large systems.

Findings

Vortex-vortex correlations reveal supersolid lattice structure.

The method distinguishes supersolids from superfluids even with dissipation.

Proposes feasible experiments with existing technology.

Abstract

The task of experimentally investigating the inherently dual properties of a supersolid, a simultaneous superfluid and solid, has become more critical following the recent experimental exploration of supersolid regimes in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of $^{164}\text{Dy}$. We introduce a supersolid order parameter that uses vortex-vortex trajectory correlations to simultaneously reveal the periodic density of the underlying solid and superfluidity in a single measure. We propose experiments using existing technology to optically create and image trajectories of vortex dipoles in dipolar BECs that is applicable to large system sizes. We numerically test our observable and find that vortex-vortex correlations reveal the supersolid lattice structure while distinguishing it from superfluidity even in the presence of dissipation. Our method sets the stage for experiments to use vortex trajectory correlations to investigate fundamental properties of supersolids arising from their dynamics and phase transitions as experimental system sizes are increased.