Hybrid Rotational Cavity Optomechanics Using Atomic Superfluid in a Ring

TL;DR

This paper proposes a hybrid optomechanical system with a Bose-Einstein condensate inside an optical cavity, demonstrating reduced quantum fluctuations and entanglement between atomic and mechanical components through tunable interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel hybrid system combining atomic superfluid circulation with mechanical rotation, enabling control over quantum fluctuations and entanglement.

Findings

Atomic rotation reduces quantum fluctuations at the mirror's resonance.

Coupling between atomic side modes and cavity produces bipartite and tripartite entanglement.

Tuning drive field's topological charge and atomic rotation adjusts frequency differences.

Abstract

We introduce a hybrid optomechanical system containing an annularly trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) inside an optical cavity driven by Lauguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. Spiral phase elements serve as the end mirrors of the cavity such that the rear mirror oscillates torsionally about the cavity axis through a clamped support. As described earlier in a related system [P. Kumar et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 113601 (2021)], the condensate atoms interact with the optical cavity modes carrying orbital angular momentum which create two atomic side modes. We observe three peaks in the output noise spectrum corresponding to the atomic side modes and rotating mirror frequencies, respectively. We find that the trapped BEC's rotation reduces quantum fluctuations at the mirror's resonance frequency. We also find that the atomic side modes-cavity coupling and the optorotational coupling can produce bipartite and tripartite entanglements between various constituents of our hybrid system. We reduce the frequency difference between the side modes and the mirror by tuning the drive field's topological charge and the condensate atoms' rotation. When the atomic side modes become degenerate with the mirror, the stationary entanglement between the cavity and the mirror mode diminishes due to the suppression of cooling. Our proposal, which combines atomic superfluid circulation with mechanical rotation, provides a versatile platform for reducing quantum fluctuations and producing macroscopic entanglement with experimentally realizable parameters.