DiscoveryBench: Towards Data-Driven Discovery with Large Language Models

TL;DR

DiscoveryBench is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate large language models' capabilities in automating multi-step data-driven discovery across diverse real-world and synthetic tasks, highlighting current limitations.

Contribution

This work introduces DiscoveryBench, the first benchmark formalizing multi-step data-driven discovery tasks for LLM evaluation, with diverse real and synthetic datasets and a structured formalism for analysis.

Findings

Current LLMs score only around 25% on the benchmark

The benchmark covers 264 real-world and 903 synthetic tasks

Structured evaluation reveals specific failure modes in LLM discovery capabilities

Abstract

Can the rapid advances in code generation, function calling, and data analysis using large language models (LLMs) help automate the search and verification of hypotheses purely from a set of provided datasets? To evaluate this question, we present DiscoveryBench, the first comprehensive benchmark that formalizes the multi-step process of data-driven discovery. The benchmark is designed to systematically assess current model capabilities in discovery tasks and provide a useful resource for improving them. Our benchmark contains 264 tasks collected across 6 diverse domains, such as sociology and engineering, by manually deriving discovery workflows from published papers to approximate the real-world challenges faced by researchers, where each task is defined by a dataset, its metadata, and a discovery goal in natural language. We additionally provide 903 synthetic tasks to conduct controlled evaluations across task complexity. Furthermore, our structured formalism of data-driven discovery enables a facet-based evaluation that provides useful insights into different failure modes. We evaluate several popular LLM-based reasoning frameworks using both open and closed LLMs as baselines on DiscoveryBench and find that even the best system scores only 25%. Our benchmark, thus, illustrates the challenges in autonomous data-driven discovery and serves as a valuable resource for the community to make progress.