Implementation of a scalable universal two-qubit quantum processor with electron and nuclear spins in a trapped ion

TL;DR

This paper proposes a scalable quantum processor scheme using electron and nuclear spins in trapped ions, demonstrating a 1-ion-2-qubit processor with high fidelity and potential for large-scale quantum computing.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scalable scheme for n-ion-2n-qubit processors utilizing four internal levels per ion, with experimental validation on a single 171Yb+ ion.

Findings

Achieved ~0.98 fidelity for single- and two-qubit gates

Implemented Grover's algorithm with >99% success rate

Demonstrated scalable protocols for larger quantum processors

Abstract

Increasing the quantum information processing power with limited number of hosts is vital for achieving quantum advantage. Here we propose a novel scheme that achieves a scalable n-ion-2n-qubit quantum processor utilizing four internal levels of each ion, and experimentally implement a 1-ion-2-qubit universal processor using the valence electron spin and nuclear spin of a single 171Yb+ ion. Fidelities of single-qubit and two-qubit gates are around 0.98 obtained by quantum process tomography. Additionally, the Grover's algorithm is implemented with a successful rate exceeding 0.99. We provide explicit scaling-up protocols based on standard laser-less and laser-based frameworks, and further demonstrate that the electron/nuclear-spin scheme allows less demanding two-qubit entangling gates between different ions. The replacement of some inter-atomic gates by intra-atomic gates could increase the fidelity of some quantum circuits. Our work paves the way towards achieving 2n-times increase in the size of quantum computational Hilbert space with n ions.