Analysis of optical pattern formation on glass: exploring light phenomena in the International Physicists Tournament

TL;DR

This study investigates optical pattern formation on glass using experiments and modeling, revealing that halos and other patterns result from specular reflection on scratches, aiding physics education.

Contribution

It introduces a combined experimental and computational approach to understanding optical patterns on glass, linking pattern formation to specular reflection and educational benefits.

Findings

Random scratches produce halos.

Optical patterns can be engineered via holography.

Model aligns with experimental results.

Abstract

Motivated by a problem from the 2023 International Physicists' Tournament, we investigate the formation of particular patterns when light passes through glass. Experimentally, we use various glass plates, registering each reflected and transmitted outcome. Thus, we find the condition to form a common pattern, namely, randomly scratched plates produce the halos. We engineer other optical patterns by means of the specular holography method. Using the Defocusing Microscopy technique, we study the geometric properties of the glass, establishing the physical and mathematical model for a simulation. Our computational results agree well with the experimental ones, leading us to conclude that the pattern formation is governed by specular reflection on various points along the scratches. Our findings give an initial explanation for the pattern formation on glass, in particular for the halo design. We also show that the IPT open questions help students learn physics concepts and develop research skills.