Absorption Spectroscopy of $^{40}$Ca Atomic Beams Produced via Pulsed Laser Ablation: A Quantitative Comparison of Ca and CaTiO$_3$ Targets

TL;DR

This study compares calcium and calcium-titanate ablation targets for producing neutral calcium atomic beams, highlighting the robustness of CaTiO$_3$ targets after atmospheric exposure and providing detailed spectroscopic characterization.

Contribution

It provides a direct quantitative comparison of Ca and CaTiO$_3$ targets for laser ablation, emphasizing the atmospheric stability of CaTiO$_3$ as a source material.

Findings

CaTiO$_3$ targets maintain atomic flux after atmospheric exposure

CaTiO$_3$ produces consistent atomic densities compared to elemental Ca

Detailed measurements of plume temperature, density, and lifetime for both targets

Abstract

Pulsed laser ablation is an increasingly prevalent method for fast ion trap loading of various species, however characteristics of the ablation target source material can affect the ion-loading process. One factor which can reduce the atomic flux from a target is oxidation during atmospheric exposure when preparing or making changes to the ion trap vacuum system. Recent work has shown that perovskite ablation targets produce consistent atomic densities even after exposure to atmosphere when compared to elemental source targets. In this work, we directly compare calcium (Ca) and calcium-titanate (CaTiO$_3$) ablation targets, characterizing the neutral atomic beam flux using resonant, time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of the 423 nm $^{1}S_0 \rightarrow$ $^{1}P_1$ transition in neutral Ca. We measure the ablation plume longitudinal and transverse temperatures, number density, ion production, and spot lifetime for each target. In addition, we compare the ablated atomic beam density for both targets before and after 21 hours of exposure to atmosphere, demonstrating the relative robustness of the CaTiO$_3$ source.