Hydrodynamically consistent many-body Harada-Sasa relation

TL;DR

This paper generalizes the Harada-Sasa relation to account for hydrodynamic interactions in non-equilibrium particle systems, enabling better analysis of active and living matter suspensions.

Contribution

It introduces a new form of the Harada-Sasa relation that incorporates hydrodynamic interactions, addressing previous limitations in non-equilibrium fluctuation-response analysis.

Findings

Generalized Harada-Sasa relation for hydrodynamic systems

Framework applicable to active and living matter suspensions

Addresses subtleties due to multiplicative hydrodynamic interactions

Abstract

The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of particles -- arising from the conservation of momentum in the fluid medium -- is examined in the context of the relationship between fluctuations, response functions, and the entropy production rate. The multiplicative nature of the hydrodynamic interactions is shown to introduce subtleties that preclude a straightforward extension of the Harada-Sasa relation. A generalization of the definitions involved in the framework is used to propose a new form of the relation applicable to systems with hydrodynamic interactions. The resulting framework will enable characterization of the non-equilibrium properties of living and active matter systems, which are predominantly in suspensions.