Phase space framework enables a variable-scale diffraction model for coherent imaging and display

TL;DR

This paper introduces a phase space framework that enables variable-scale diffraction calculations, improving holographic imaging and display by allowing flexible image plane sizing and high-fidelity 3D reconstructions.

Contribution

It presents a universal, high-dimensional phase space method for customizable diffraction computation, addressing fixed-size limitations in traditional Fourier optics techniques.

Findings

Validated variable-scale diffraction model with robust capabilities.

Achieved high-fidelity full-color holography with automatic aberration correction.

Demonstrated superior 3D reconstruction and nanoscale holography applications.

Abstract

The fast algorithms in Fourier optics have invigorated multifunctional device design and advanced imaging technologies. However, the necessity for fast computations has led to limitations in the widely used conventional Fourier methods, manifesting as fixed size image plane at a certain diffraction distance. These limitations pose challenges in intricate scaling transformations, 3D reconstructions and full-color displays. Currently, there is a lack of effective solutions, often resorting to pre-processing that compromise fidelity. In this paper, leveraging a higher-dimensional phase space method, we present a universal framework allowing for customized diffraction calculation methods. Within this framework, we establish a variable-scale diffraction computation model which allows the adjustment of the size of the image plane and can be operated by fast algorithms. We validate the model's robust variable-scale capabilities and its aberration automatic correction capability for full-color holography, achieving high fidelity. The large-magnification tomography experiment demonstrates that this model provides a superior solution for holographic 3D reconstruction. In addition, this model is applied to achieve full-color metasurface holography with near-zero crosstalk, showcasing its versatile applicability at nanoscale. Our model presents significant prospects for applications in the optics community, such as beam shaping, computer-generated holograms (CGHs), augmented reality (AR), metasurface optical elements (MOEs) and advanced holographic head-up display (HUD) systems.