The development of ground-based Gamma-ray astronomy: a historical overview of the pioneering experiments

TL;DR

This paper provides a historical overview of ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, highlighting technological advancements, key discoveries, and future prospects like the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which enhances sensitivity and detection capabilities.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive history of pioneering experiments and technological progress in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy over the past 33 years.

Findings

Over 250 gamma-ray sources discovered

Detection sensitivity improved by a factor of 100

Next-generation CTA will be several times more sensitive

Abstract

The ground-based technique for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes became a rapidly developing and powerful branch of science. Thanks to this technique, over 250 very high-energy gamma-ray sources of galactic and extragalactic origin have been discovered. Many fundamental questions of astrophysics, astro-particle physics, the physics of cosmic rays and cosmology are the focus of this technique. In the past 33 years since the discovery of the first gamma-ray source, the Crab Nebula, the discipline has made remarkable progress. Today, the technology boasts highly sensitive telescopes capable of detecting a point source 100 times fainter than the standard candle, the Crab Nebula, in 25 hours of observation. Further developments in this technology led to the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation large instrument. The sensitivity of CTA will be several times higher than that of the current best instruments. This article presents a brief history of ground-based very high energy gamma-ray astrophysics.