Photoacoustic methane detection assisted by a gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber laser

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber laser that effectively detects methane at low concentrations using photoacoustic spectroscopy, highlighting its potential for compact, high-sensitivity gas sensors.

Contribution

The work introduces a high-energy, narrow-linewidth Raman laser based on gas-filled ARHCF, enabling efficient methane detection in the NIR-II region with high sensitivity.

Findings

Achieved methane detection sensitivity as low as 550 ppb

Generated a broad frequency comb-like laser from UV to NIR

Demonstrated effective photoacoustic methane sensing

Abstract

Photoacoustic spectroscopys (PAS)-based methane (CH4) detectors have garnered significant attention with various developed systems using near-infrared (NIR) laser sources, which requires high-energy and narrow-linewidth laser sources to achieve high-sensitivity and low-concentration gas detection. The anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF) lasers in the NIR and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral domain show a great potential for spectroscopy and high-resolution gas detection. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of a frequency-comb-like Raman laser with high pulse energy spanning from ultraviolet (UV) (328 nm) to NIR (2065 nm wavelength) based on a hydrogen (H2)-filled 7-ring ARHCF. The gas-filled ARHCF fiber is pumped with a custom-laser at 1044 nm with ~100 {\mu}J pulse energy and a few nanoseconds duration. Through stimulated Raman scattering process, we employ the sixth-order Stokes as case example located at ~1650 nm to demonstrate how the developed high-energy and narrow-linewidth laser source can effectively be used to detect CH4 in the NIR-II region using the photoacoustic modality. We report the efficient detection of CH4 with sensitivity as low as ~550 ppb with an integration time of ~40 s. In conclusion, the main goal of this work is to demonstrate and emphasize the potential of the gas-filled ARHCF laser technology for compact next-generation spectroscopy across different spectral regions.