Electron-electron attraction via Coulomb correlations and possible superconductivity in a 1D electron liquid on a rigid neutralizing background

TL;DR

This paper explores how Coulomb correlations in a 1D electron liquid can lead to effective electron-electron attraction and potential superconductivity, challenging traditional exponential gap models and emphasizing Coulombic influences.

Contribution

It introduces a model of spinless fermions with infinite-range attraction, revealing a non-exponentially small superconducting gap driven by Coulomb parameters.

Findings

Long-range pairing involves all electrons in the 1D system.

The superconducting gap depends primarily on Coulombic parameters.

Contrasts with conventional theories by eliminating exponential factors in the gap.

Abstract

Conditions at which a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) electron system can be considered as a quantum liquid of impenetrable charged particles are theoretically analyzed. In the presence of an inert, neutralizing background, a motion of impenetrable electrons is shown to expose a positive charge, resulting in an effective mutual attraction of infinite range. As a result, all electrons are involved in the long-range pairing. A model of spinless fermions with infinitesimal attraction of infinite range is proposed to describe the excitation spectrum and the superconducting gap in low-density 1D electron channels. In contrast with the conventional theory, the energy gap does not contain exponentially small factors. It depends mostly on the Coulombic parameters of the system, which guides practical aspects of high-temperature superconductivity.