Spontaneous supercurrents and vortex depinning in two-dimensional arrays of $\varphi_0$-junctions

TL;DR

This study explores how spontaneous supercurrents in two-dimensional arrays of $$-junctions induce nonreciprocal vortex depinning, revealing a ratchet-like potential influenced by magnetic frustration and supercurrent loops.

Contribution

It demonstrates the role of spontaneous supercurrent loops in $$-junction arrays causing nonreciprocal vortex depinning and introduces the effect of magnetic frustration on the ratchet behavior.

Findings

Nonreciprocal vortex depinning currents observed under in-plane magnetic field.

Ratchet-like pinning potential induced by spontaneous supercurrent loops.

Enhanced and sign-reversed ratchet effects near specific frustration values.

Abstract

Two-dimensional arrays of ballistic Josephson junctions are important as model systems for synthetic quantum materials. Here, we investigate arrays of multiterminal junctions which exhibit a phase difference $\varphi_0$ at zero current. When applying an in-plane magnetic field we observe nonreciprocal vortex depinning currents. We explain this effect in terms of a ratchet-like pinning potential, which is induced by spontaneous supercurrent loops. Supercurrent loops arise in multiterminal $\varphi_0$-junction arrays as a consequence of next-nearest neighbor Josephson coupling. Tuning the density of vortices to commensurate values of the frustration parameter results in an enhancement of the ratchet effect. In addition, we find a surprising sign reversal of the ratchet effect near frustration 1/3. Our work calls for the search for novel magnetic structures in artificial crystals in the absence of time-reversal symmetry.