Electric field enhances the electronic and diffusion properties of penta-graphene nanoribbons for application in lithium-ion batteries: a first-principles study

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that applying an external electric field significantly improves the electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion in penta-graphene nanoribbons, suggesting their potential as efficient, environmentally friendly anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Contribution

It provides a first-principles analysis showing electric field enhancement of stability, electronic properties, and diffusion in penta-graphene nanoribbons for battery applications.

Findings

Lithium adsorption turns nanoribbons into metals with -0.22 eV formation energy.

Electric field increases lithium-ion diffusion coefficient by over 700 times.

Enhanced stability and diffusion suggest improved battery performance.

Abstract

Enhancing the electronic and diffusion properties of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for improving the performance of the fast-growing energy storage devices. Recently, fast-charging capability of commercial-like lithium-ion anodes with the least modification of the current manufactoring technology is of great interest. Here we use first principles methods with density functional theory and the climbing image-nudged elastic band method to evaluate the impact of an external electric field on the stability, electronic and diffusion properties of penta-graphene nanoribbons upon lithium adsorption. We show that by adsorbing a lithium atom, these semiconductor nanoribbons become metal with a formation energy of - 0.22 (eV). The lithium-ion mobility of this material is comparable to that of a common carbon graphite layer. Under a relatively small vertical electric field, the structural stability of these lithium-ion systems is even more stable, and their diffusion coefficient is enhanced significantly of ~719 times higher than that of the material in the absence of an applied electric field and ~521 times higher than in the case of commercial graphitic carbon layers. Our results highlight the role of an external electric field as a novel switch to improve the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries with penta-graphene nanoribbon electrodes and open a new horizon for the use of more environmentally friendly pentagonal materials as anode materials in lithium-ion battery industry.