Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves in the $U(1)_{B-L}$ Extended Inert Doublet Model: A First-Order Phase Transition Perspective

TL;DR

This paper explores how a $U(1)_{B-L}$ extended inert doublet model can produce strong first-order phase transitions, generating gravitational waves and primordial black holes that could explain dark matter.

Contribution

It identifies parameter regions for strong first-order phase transitions and demonstrates their potential to produce detectable gravitational waves and primordial black holes within this model.

Findings

Large parameter space allows double first-order phase transitions.

Transitions can generate detectable stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds.

Primordial black holes from high-scale transitions can account for dark matter.

Abstract

We conduct an analysis of a $U(1)_{B-L}$ extended inert doublet model and obtained the parameter space allowing strong first order phase transitions. We show that a large part of the parameter space can cause double first-order phase transitions. Whereas both of these phase transitions can generate a detectable stochastic gravitational wave background, one of them can create primordial black holes with appreciable abundance. The primordial black holes generated at the high scale transition can account for the dark matter maintaining the correct relic abundance. We also show specific benchmark cases and their consequences from the aspect of primordial black holes and gravitational waves.