Asymptotic scaling laws for periodic turbulent boundary layers and their numerical simulation up to Re_theta = 8300

TL;DR

This paper rigorously analyzes self-similar solutions of periodic turbulent boundary layers, deriving bounds on skin friction and demonstrating numerical simulations up to Re_theta = 8300 that align with empirical scaling laws.

Contribution

It provides explicit forcing formulas, proves upper bounds on skin friction, and demonstrates numerical methods that extend simulations to high Reynolds numbers with results consistent with known laws.

Findings

Skin friction coefficient is bounded above by a decreasing constant with Reynolds number.

Numerical simulations up to Re_theta=8300 match empirical scaling laws.

The proposed forcing formula simplifies numerical implementation of periodic boundary layers.

Abstract

We provide a rigorous analysis of the self-similar solution of the temporal turbulent boundary layer, recently proposed in [2], in which a body force is used to maintain a statistically steady turbulent boundary layer with periodic boundary conditions in the streamwise direction. We derive explicit expressions for the forcing amplitudes which can maintain such flows, and identify those which can hold either the displacement thickness or the momentum thickness equal to unity. This opens the door to the first main result of the paper, which is to prove upper bounds on skin friction for the temporal turbulent boundary layer. We use the Constantin-Doering-Hopf bounding method to show, rigorously, that the skin friction coefficient for periodic turbulent boundary layer flows is bounded above by a uniform constant which decreases asymptotically with Reynolds number. This asymptotic behaviour is within a logarithmic correction of well-known empirical scaling laws for skin friction. This gives the first evidence, applicable at asymptotically high Reynolds numbers, to suggest that the self-similar solution of the temporal turbulent boundary layer exhibits statistical similarities with canonical, spatially evolving, boundary layers. Furthermore, we show how the identified forcing formula implies an alternative, and simpler, numerical implementation of periodic boundary layer flows. We give a detailed numerical study of this scheme presenting direct numerical simulations up to Re_theta = 2000 and implicit large-eddy simulations up to Re_theta = 8300, and show that these results compare well with data from canonical spatially evolving boundary layers at equivalent Reynolds numbers.