On the Interacting/Active Lifetime of Supernova Fallback Disk around Isolated Neutron Stars

TL;DR

This paper investigates the active lifetime of supernova fallback disks around isolated neutron stars through simulations, revealing that their detectable active phase is typically shorter than 0.1 million years.

Contribution

It introduces a simulation-based analysis of fallback disk lifetimes, emphasizing the distinction between active and existence durations around neutron stars.

Findings

Active lifetimes are generally shorter than 0.1 Myr.

Existence lifetimes are significantly longer.

Disks may be in inactive states during most of their existence.

Abstract

The fallback disk model is widely accepted to explain long-period neutron stars (NSs) which can't be simulated by magnetic dipole radiation. However, no confirmed detection of disk was found from the newly discovered long period pulsars GLEAM-X 162759.5-523504.3, GPM J1839-10 and the known slowest isolated NSs 1E 161348-5055. This might be that the disks have either been in noninteracting/inactive state where its emission is too weak to be detected or have been disrupted. In this work, we conduct simulations to examine the lifetime of supernova fallback disks around isolated neutron stars. We assume that the disk's mass varies in a self-similar way and its interaction with the NS occurs only in interacting/active state. Our results reveal that nearly all the interacting lifetimes for the disk are shorter than 0.1 Myr while the existence lifetimes are considerably longer.