The gravitational-wave emission from the explosion of a 15 solar mass star with rotation and magnetic fields

TL;DR

This study investigates how rotation and magnetic fields influence gravitational-wave signals from a 15 solar mass star explosion through 3D magnetohydrodynamical simulations, revealing effects on waveform shape and detection prospects.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the impact of magnetic fields and rotation on gravitational-wave signals from core-collapse supernovae using detailed 3D simulations.

Findings

Weak magnetic fields do not significantly affect wave amplitude.

Rapid rotation alters the waveform shape and broadens the emission band.

Including neutrino anisotropy increases supernova detection distances.

Abstract

Gravitational waveform predictions from 3D simulations of explosions of non-rotating massive stars with no magnetic fields have been extensively studied. However, the impact of magnetic fields and rotation on the core-collapse supernova gravitational-wave signal is not well understood beyond the core-bounce phase. Therefore, we perform four magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the explosion of a $15\,M_{\odot}$ star with the SFHx and SFHo equations of state. All of the models start with a weak magnetic field strength of $10^{8}$\,G, and two of the models are rapidly rotating. We discuss the impact of the rotation and magnetic fields on the gravitational-wave signals. We find that the weak pre-collapse fields do not have a significant impact on the gravitational-wave signal amplitude. With rapid rotation, the f/g-mode trajectory can change in shape, and the dominant emission band becomes broader. We include the low-frequency memory component of the gravitational-wave signal from both matter motions and neutrino emission anisotropy. We show that including the gravitational waves from anisotropic neutrino emission increases the supernova detection distances for the Einstein Telescope, and would also be detectable out to Mpc distances by a moon-based gravitational-wave detector.