The graphene squeeze-film microphone

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel graphene-based squeeze-film microphone that detects sound by monitoring changes in air compressibility affecting the membrane's resonance, offering potential advantages over traditional microphones.

Contribution

The work presents a new microphone operating on a different principle, utilizing a graphene membrane and air compressibility, enabling smaller size and improved robustness.

Findings

Demonstrated sound detection via resonance frequency modulation.

Achieved a microphone size over 1000 times smaller than conventional MEMS microphones.

Potential for increased dynamic range and reduced noise susceptibility.

Abstract

Most microphones operate by detecting the sound-pressure induced motion of a membrane. In contrast, here we introduce a microphone that operates by monitoring the sound-pressure-induced modulation of the compressibility of air. By driving a graphene membrane at its resonance frequency, the gas, that is trapped in a squeeze-film beneath it, is compressed at high frequency. Since the stiffness of the gas film depend on the air pressure, the resonance frequency of the graphene is modulated by variations in sound pressure. We demonstrate that this squeeze-film microphone principle can be used to detect sound and music by tracking the membrane's resonance frequency using a phase-locked loop (PLL). Since the sound detection principle is different from conventional devices, the squeeze-film microphone potentially offers advantages like increased dynamic range, and a lower susceptibility to pressure-induced failure and vibration-induced noise. Moreover, it might be made much smaller, as demonstrated by the microphone in this work that operates using a circular graphene membrane with an area that is more than a factor 1000 smaller than that of MEMS microphones.