Observational characteristics of circum-planetary-mass-object disks in the era of James Webb Space Telescope

TL;DR

This study models the spectral energy distributions of circum-planetary-mass-object disks to predict how JWST can observe and classify these compact disks around planetary-mass objects, enhancing understanding of their properties.

Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive set of CPMOD models and a classification scheme based on infrared colors, aiding in the interpretation of JWST observations of these disks.

Findings

F444W - F1000W and F444 - F2550W colors distinguish CPMOD types.

JWST can effectively observe and classify CPMODs around hot hosts.

Models suggest structures of CPMODs can be unveiled with upcoming JWST data.

Abstract

Recent observations have confirmed circumplanetary disks (CPDs) embedded in parental protoplanetary disks (PPDs). On the other hand, planetary-mass companions (PMCs) and planetary-mass objects (PMOs) are likely to harbor their own accretion disks. Unlike PPDs, CPDs and other disks around planet analogues are generally too compact to be spatially resolved by current instrumentation. In this study, we generate over 4,000 spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of circum-PMO-disks (CPMODs) with various host temperature and disk properties, which can be categorized into four prototypes, i.e., full, pre-transitional, transitional and evolved CPMODs. We propose a classification scheme based on their near-to-mid-infrared colors. Using those CPMOD models, we synthesize JWST (NIRCam and MIRI) photometry for F444W, F1000W and F2550W wide filters. We show F444W - F1000W and F444 - F2550W colors can be applied to distinguish different types of CPMODs, especially for those around hot hosts. Our results indicate that the ongoing and future JWST observations are promising to unveil structures and properties of CPMODs.