Pandora: Towards General World Model with Natural Language Actions and Video States

TL;DR

Pandora is a hybrid model that generates video-based world states and enables real-time, natural language-controlled interactions, advancing the development of general, multi-domain world models.

Contribution

It introduces Pandora, a hybrid autoregressive-diffusion model that combines pretrained language and video models for controllable, domain-general world simulation.

Findings

Pandora achieves domain generality and video consistency.

It enables real-time control with free-text actions.

Extensive diverse outputs demonstrate its versatility.

Abstract

World models simulate future states of the world in response to different actions. They facilitate interactive content creation and provides a foundation for grounded, long-horizon reasoning. Current foundation models do not fully meet the capabilities of general world models: large language models (LLMs) are constrained by their reliance on language modality and their limited understanding of the physical world, while video models lack interactive action control over the world simulations. This paper makes a step towards building a general world model by introducing Pandora, a hybrid autoregressive-diffusion model that simulates world states by generating videos and allows real-time control with free-text actions. Pandora achieves domain generality, video consistency, and controllability through large-scale pretraining and instruction tuning. Crucially, Pandora bypasses the cost of training-from-scratch by integrating a pretrained LLM (7B) and a pretrained video model, requiring only additional lightweight finetuning. We illustrate extensive outputs by Pandora across diverse domains (indoor/outdoor, natural/urban, human/robot, 2D/3D, etc.). The results indicate great potential of building stronger general world models with larger-scale training.