Comprehensive Machine Learning Model Comparison for Cherenkov and Scintillation Light Separation due to Particle Interactions

TL;DR

This paper compares various machine learning models for effectively distinguishing Cherenkov and scintillation photons in water-based liquid scintillator detectors, achieving over 95% accuracy and outperforming classical methods.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of ML algorithms for photon separation in WbLS detectors, identifying the most effective models and demonstrating significant accuracy improvements.

Findings

XGBoost, Light GBM, and Random Forest achieved over 95% accuracy.

Ensemble models improved separation performance.

ML methods outperform classical time cut techniques.

Abstract

The demand for novel detector mediums such as Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) has increased over the last few decades due to their capability for both low energy particle interactions and higher light yield. Recently, the usage of machine learning (ML) methods in high-energy physics has also been increasing. The ML and AI methods are used in many physics projects in the field since they provide effective and sensitive results. In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive analysis of water Cherenkov detectors and perform physics analyses to efficiently separate Cherenkov and scintillation photons with ML algorithms using the data from the WbLS detector environment. The main goal of this study was to produce more precise solutions to physics problems, such as signal classification, by applying ML techniques to the simulation and experimental data. Here, we trained more than 20 ML models, and our results revealed that three machine learning models, XGBoost, Light GBM, and Random Forest models, and their ensemble model gave us more than 95\% accuracy for separating Cherenkov and scintillation photons with balanced and unbalanced datasets. This is a significant increase in efficiency as compared with the results of the classical method by applying simple time cuts.