Wavelength tuning of VCSELs via controlled strain

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how applying controlled strain to VCSELs can precisely tune their wavelength by up to 1 nm, with a sensitivity of 0.12 to 0.18 nm per millistrain, enhancing their application flexibility.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of strain effects on VCSEL wavelength tuning, showing a practical method for fine wavelength control using strain.

Findings

Wavelength shift up to 1 nm achieved

Sensitivity of 0.12 to 0.18 nm/millistrain established

Birefringence values up to 292 GHz recorded

Abstract

Besides major advantages for telecommunication applications, VCSELs have attracted interest for their potential for neuro-inspired computing, frequency comb generation or high-frequency spin oscillations. In the meantime, strain applied to the laser structure has been shown to have a significant impact on the laser emission properties such as the polarization dynamics or birefringence. In this work, we further explore the influence of strain on VCSELs and how this effect could be used to fine tune the laser wavelength. Through a comprehensive investigation, we demonstrate consistent wavelength shift up to 1 nm and report a sensitivity between 0.12 to 0.18 nm / millistrain. We also record birefringence values up to 292 GHz. Our results show that controlled strain level could be considered for fine wavelength tuning and possibly alleviate the selection of VCSEL for precise wavelength requirements.