The turbulent life of NGC 4696 as told by its globular cluster system

TL;DR

This study analyzes the globular cluster system of NGC4696, revealing a complex, disturbed system with multiple subpopulations and signs of past interactions, shedding light on its assembly history within the Centaurus galaxy cluster.

Contribution

It provides a detailed photometric analysis of NGC4696's globular clusters, identifying multiple subpopulations and interaction signatures, which enhances understanding of galaxy assembly in a rich cluster environment.

Findings

Identification of two globular cluster subpopulations with distinct colors and metallicities.

Detection of asymmetrical azimuthal distributions linked to neighboring galaxies.

Evidence of a complex, interaction-influenced globular cluster system.

Abstract

In this work we perform the photometric analysis of the globular cluster system (GCS) of the giant elliptical NGC4696, which is the brightest member of Centaurus, a rich and dynamically young galaxy cluster. We obtained deep Magellan 6.5 m/MegaCam (g', r', i') photometry, with which we identified a sample of 3818 stellar clusters around NGC4696 that were analyzed in the context of possible interactions and its assembly history. After carefully modeling and subtracting the galaxy light, we used selection criteria based on the shape, colors, and magnitudes to identify GC candidates. We find a number of features that indicate a disturbed GCS that points toward a complex evolution with other neighboring members of Centaurus. Formally, two subpopulations could be found at (g'-i')_0 = 0.763 $\pm$ 0.004 and (g'-i')_0=1.012 $\pm$ 0.004. Moreover, the color distribution does not show the presence of a significant blue tilt, but it presents a trend with the radius, where at small galactocentric distances a unimodal distribution is preferable to a bimodal one, suggesting the presence of an intermediate GC population. Besides the color distribution, the metallicity distribution also shows a bimodal trend, with peaks at [Fe/H]=-1.363 $\pm$ 0.010 and [Fe/H]=-0.488 $\pm$ 0.012. The radial density profiles show different slopes for the blue and red populations and the azimuthal distributions are well fitted by an asymmetrical sinusoidal function, with peaks projecting toward two nearby galaxies, NGC4696B and NGC4709, indicating past interactions among these three galaxies. Finally, we derived a GC specific frequency of S_N=6.8 $\pm$ 0.9, in good agreement with the values obtained for other giant ellipticals and with previously estimated S_N of NGC4696. All these results point toward a complex GCS, strongly influenced by the interaction history of NGC4696 with the other galaxies of the Centaurus cluster.