Many-body thermal states on a quantum computer: a variational approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm to efficiently prepare thermal Gibbs states of the quantum XY model, leveraging symmetries to reduce complexity and demonstrating high fidelity with exact states.

Contribution

It presents a novel variational quantum algorithm for Gibbs state preparation that exploits system symmetries to minimize variational parameters and is suitable for current quantum computers.

Findings

High fidelity (close to 1) with exact Gibbs states in simulations.

Symmetry exploitation reduces variational complexity.

Potential applicability on existing quantum hardware.

Abstract

{Many-body quantum states at thermal equilibrium are ubiquitous in nature. Investigating their dynamical properties is a formidable task due to the complexity of the Hilbert space they live in. Quantum computers may have the potential to effectively simulate quantum systems, provided that the many-body state under scrutiny can be faithfully prepared via an efficient algorithm. With this aim, we present a hybrid quantum--classical variational quantum algorithm for the preparation of the Gibbs state of the quantum $XY$ model. Our algorithm is based on the Grover and Rudolph parametrized quantum circuit for the preparation of the Boltzmann weights of the Gibbs state, and on a parity-preserving ansatz for the allocation of the eigenenergy basis to their respective Boltzmann weight. We explicitly show, with a paradigmatic few-body case instance, how the symmetries of a many-body system can be exploited to significantly reduce the exponentially increasing number of variational parameters needed in the Grover and Rudolph algorithm. Finally, we show that the density matrix, of the Gibbs state of the $XY$ model, obtained by statevector simulations for different parameters, exhibits a fidelity close to unity with the exact Gibbs state; this highlights the potential use of our protocol on current quantum computers.