Cosmological constraints on $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM scenario in a type II minimally modified gravity

TL;DR

This paper introduces the $ m f ext{s}$CDM and $ m f ext{s}$VCDM models, featuring a sign-switching cosmological constant, which better fit observational data and alleviate the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions compared to $ m f ext{Λ}$CDM.

Contribution

The paper embeds the $ m f ext{s}$CDM model into a type II minimally modified gravity framework, creating a fully predictive $ m f ext{s}$VCDM model that improves data fit and tension alleviation.

Findings

$ m f ext{s}$VCDM outperforms $ m f ext{Λ}$CDM in data fitting.

$ m f ext{s}$VCDM alleviates the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions.

Higher $ m f \sigma_8$ values with lower matter density are predicted.

Abstract

The idea of a rapid sign-switching cosmological constant (mirror AdS-dS transition) in the late universe at $z\sim1.7$, known as the $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM model, has significantly improved the fit to observational data and provides a promising scenario for alleviating major cosmological tensions, such as the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions. However, in the absence of a fully predictive model, implementing this fit required conjecturing that the dynamics of the linear perturbations are governed by general relativity. Recent work embedding the $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM model with the Lagrangian of a type II minimally modified gravity known as VCDM has propelled $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM to a fully predictive model, removing the uncertainty related to the aforementioned assumption; we call this new model $\Lambda_{\rm s}$VCDM. In this work, we demonstrate that not only does $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM fit the data better than the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, but the new model, $\Lambda_{\rm s}$VCDM, performs even better in alleviating cosmological tensions while also providing a better fit to the data, including CMB, BAO, SNe Ia, and cosmic shear measurements. Our findings highlight the $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM framework, particularly the $\Lambda_{\rm s}$VCDM model, as a compelling alternative to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, especially by successfully alleviating the $H_0$ tension. Additionally, these models predict higher values for $\sigma_8$, indicating enhanced structuring, albeit with lower present-day matter density parameter values and consequently reduced $S_8$ values, alleviating the $S_8$ tension as well. This demonstrates that the data are well fit by a combination of background and linear perturbations, both having dynamics differing from those of $\Lambda$CDM. This paves the way for further exploration of new ways for embedding the sign-switching cosmological constant into other models.