Boundary Time Crystals as AC sensors: enhancements and constraints

TL;DR

This paper explores boundary time crystals as quantum sensors for AC fields, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity through quantum Fisher information analysis, but highlighting entropy constraints that limit optimal decoding.

Contribution

It introduces the use of boundary time crystals for AC field sensing, analyzing their sensitivity and the impact of entropy on quantum metrology performance.

Findings

Enhanced sensitivity at resonance with AC fields.

Quantum Fisher information exhibits power-law growth and exponential decay.

Entropy growth limits optimal information decoding.

Abstract

We investigate the use of a boundary time crystals (BTCs) as quantum sensors of AC fields. Boundary time crystals are non-equilibrium phases of matter in contact to an environment, for which a macroscopic fraction of the many-body system breaks the time translation symmetry. We find an enhanced sensitivity of the BTC when its spins are resonant with the applied AC field, as quantified by the quantum Fisher information (QFI). The QFI dynamics in this regime is shown to be captured by a relatively simple ansatz consisting of an initial power-law growth and late-time exponential decay. We study the scaling of the ansatz parameters with resources (encoding time and number of spins) and identify a moderate quantum enhancement in the sensor performance through comparison with classical QFI bounds. Investigating the precise source of this performance, we find that despite of its long coherence time and multipartite correlations (advantageous properties for quantum metrology), the entropic cost of the BTC (which grows indefinitely in the thermodynamic limit) hinders an optimal decoding of the AC field information. This result has implications for future candidates of quantum sensors in open system and we hope it will encourage future study into the role of entropy in quantum metrology.