Dynamic Virtual Power Plants with Robust Frequency Regulation Capability

TL;DR

This paper introduces a robust decision-making method for dynamic virtual power plants to enhance frequency regulation in power systems with high inverter-based resource integration, ensuring system stability under uncertain disturbances.

Contribution

It develops an analytical model for virtual inertia and damping, enabling robust reserve allocation considering economic diversity of resources.

Findings

Effective frequency security under uncertain disturbances

High reliability demonstrated in IEEE nine-bus case studies

Robust virtual inertia and damping requirements derived

Abstract

The rapid integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into power systems has identified frequency security challenges due to reduced inertia and increased load volatility. This paper proposes a robust power reserve decision-making approach for dynamic virtual power plants (DVPPs) to address these challenges, especially under temporally sequential and uncertain disturbances. An analytical model is developed to characterize the system's frequency response dynamics, enabling the quantification of virtual inertia and virtual damping requirements to meet rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir, and steady-state deviation constraints. By analytically deriving the regulation power dynamics, the required virtual inertia and damping parameters for the DVPP are determined in a robust way. Then, the total power reserve decision is made by optimally allocating the parameters and calculating the actual power reserves for IBRs, fully considering their economic diversity. Finally, case studies conducted on an IEEE nine-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate the high reliability of the proposed approach in ensuring frequency security.