Ohms law lost and regained: observation and impact of zeros and poles

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior of transmission eigenchannels in waveguides, revealing how zeros and poles influence conductance and demonstrating the persistence of the lowest eigenchannel below noise levels, with implications for mesoscopic transport.

Contribution

It uncovers the role of zeros and poles in transmission matrices, showing how they affect conductance and the observation of eigenchannels in microwave waveguides, advancing understanding of mesoscopic transport.

Findings

Lowest transmission eigenchannel observed below noise level

Transmission vanishes at topological zeros or velocity zeros

Conductance approaches Ohms law with increasing channels

Abstract

The quantum conductance and its classical wave analogue, the transmittance, are given by the sum of the eigenvalues of the transmission matrix. The lowest transmission eigenvalue in diffusive media might be expected to play a negligible role in the conductance, and, in any case, to be too small to be observed. Here, we observe the lowest transmission eigenchannel in microwave waveguides, though it is orders of magnitude below the nominal noise level, and show that the transmittance is pulled down by global correlation among transmission eigenvalues and among zeros and poles of the transmission matrix. Transmission vanishes either when the energy density on the sample output vanishes at topological transmission zeros or when the longitudinal velocity vanishes precisely at the crossover to a new channel. This lowers the conductance by an amount proportional to the modulation of the density of states. In accord with the correspondence principle, the conductance approaches Ohms law as the number of channels increases with sample width. The exploration of the transmission matrix opens the door to a new understanding of mesoscopic transport and ultrasensitive detection techniques.