Are Large Language Models More Empathetic than Humans?

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that large language models, especially GPT-4, outperform humans in empathetic responses across diverse emotional prompts, challenging assumptions about human superiority in empathy.

Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing LLMs' empathy, showing their superior performance over humans in emotional response quality.

Findings

GPT-4 is approximately 31% more empathetic than humans.

LLaMA-2, Mixtral, and Gemini-Pro also outperform humans in empathy.

Different LLMs excel at responding to specific emotions.

Abstract

With the emergence of large language models (LLMs), investigating if they can surpass humans in areas such as emotion recognition and empathetic responding has become a focal point of research. This paper presents a comprehensive study exploring the empathetic responding capabilities of four state-of-the-art LLMs: GPT-4, LLaMA-2-70B-Chat, Gemini-1.0-Pro, and Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct in comparison to a human baseline. We engaged 1,000 participants in a between-subjects user study, assessing the empathetic quality of responses generated by humans and the four LLMs to 2,000 emotional dialogue prompts meticulously selected to cover a broad spectrum of 32 distinct positive and negative emotions. Our findings reveal a statistically significant superiority of the empathetic responding capability of LLMs over humans. GPT-4 emerged as the most empathetic, marking approximately 31% increase in responses rated as "Good" compared to the human benchmark. It was followed by LLaMA-2, Mixtral-8x7B, and Gemini-Pro, which showed increases of approximately 24%, 21%, and 10% in "Good" ratings, respectively. We further analyzed the response ratings at a finer granularity and discovered that some LLMs are significantly better at responding to specific emotions compared to others. The suggested evaluation framework offers a scalable and adaptable approach for assessing the empathy of new LLMs, avoiding the need to replicate this study's findings in future research.