Emergence of topological states in relaxation dynamics of interacting bosons

TL;DR

This paper reveals how topological phenomena emerge during the non-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of one-dimensional interacting bosons, showing nonthermal stationary states with topological features that differ from thermalized states.

Contribution

It uncovers emergent topological states in the relaxation dynamics of interacting bosons, linking nonthermal states to topological characteristics in a nonequilibrium context.

Findings

Nonthermal stationary states exhibit topological string correlations.

Topological features are absent in thermalized stationary states.

Distinct entanglement and edge state behaviors differentiate topological from thermal states.

Abstract

Topological concepts have been employed to understand the ground states of many strongly correlated systems, but it is still quite unclear if and how topology manifests itself in the relaxation dynamics. Here we uncover emergent topological phenomena in the time evolution of far-from-equilibrium one-dimensional interacting bosons. Beginning with simple product states, the system evolves into long-time stationary states with high energy that are nonthermal for a wide range of parameters, and they exhibit nonlocal string correlation that is characteristic of the symmetry-protected topological ground state of the Hamiltonian. In contrast, no topological feature is found in the stationary state as long as the system thermalizes. This difference is further corroborated by the distinct behaviour of quantum entanglement and edge states of the system. Our theoretical prediction can be examined by current experimental techniques and paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of topological phases in nonequilibrium settings.