Majorana zero modes under electron correlation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electron correlations affect Majorana zero modes in topological superconductors, revealing that correlated MZMs are projections of non-interacting ones, with numerical evidence from nanowire models.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of correlated Majorana zero modes as projected MZMs and demonstrates their properties through numerical studies of correlated TSC models.

Findings

Correlated MZMs are projections of non-interacting MZMs.

Numerical methods successfully extract projected MZMs.

Results extend to spinful Kitaev chains.

Abstract

In this work, we perform a systematic investigation of the correlated topological superconductors (TSCs), especially their non-trivial Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Compared to the non-interacting MZMs, the emerged correlated MZMs become projected MZMs. To prove this, we study the topological superconducting nanowire under the Hubbard and Hatsugai-Kohmoto interactions. Both of them become correlated TSCs under a magnetic field. Their topological properties are numerically computed by the Wilson loop and entanglement spectrum. We successfully extract the projected MZMs connecting the ground state and excited state through exact diagonalization. We also extend our results to the spinful Kitaev chain. Our results can provide a new perspective and understanding of the correlated MZMs.