Experimental end-to-end demonstration of intersatellite absolute ranging for LISA

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates an end-to-end optical ranging system for LISA, achieving centimeter-level accuracy in intersatellite distance measurements crucial for gravitational wave detection.

Contribution

It presents the first experimental demonstration of absolute ranging techniques using optical sidebands, PRNR, and TDIR for LISA's intersatellite measurements.

Findings

Achieved ranging accuracy of 2.0 cm to 8.1 cm with calibration scheme.

Achieved ranging accuracy of 5.8 cm to 41.1 cm without calibration.

Validated the effectiveness of optical sideband and PRNR methods for space-based laser interferometry.

Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a gravitational wave detector in space. It relies on a post-processing technique named time-delay interferometry (TDI) to suppress the overwhelming laser frequency noise by several orders of magnitude. This algorithm requires intersatellite-ranging monitors to provide information on spacecraft separations. To fulfill this requirement, we will use on-ground observatories, optical sideband-sideband beatnotes, pseudo-random noise ranging (PRNR), and time-delay interferometric ranging (TDIR). This article reports on the experimental end-to-end demonstration of a hexagonal optical testbed used to extract absolute ranges via the optical sidebands, PRNR, and TDIR. These were applied for clock synchronization of optical beatnote signals sampled at independent phasemeters. We set up two possible PRNR processing schemes: Scheme 1 extracts pseudoranges from PRNR via a calibration relying on TDIR; Scheme 2 synchronizes all beatnote signals without TDIR calibration. The schemes rely on newly implemented monitors of local PRNR biases. After the necessary PRNR treatments (unwrapping, ambiguity resolution, bias correction, in-band jitter reduction, and/or calibration), Scheme 1 and 2 achieved ranging accuracies of 2.0 cm to 8.1 cm and 5.8 cm to 41.1 cm, respectively, below the classical 1 m mark with margins.